Shadow Picture by Adorama
To take a picture with shadows you will underexpose the subject. By not putting too much light5 on the object you want but putting light behind them causing a shadow of the person or just not having it like that but doing it a little different.
In a different case you will have your shutter speed fast,ISO low and the aperature will be closed you will need to experiment with it to get a perfect picture it wont come on the first try.
You want the Aperature to be high around f/8 because that will reduce the background blur and will reduce colored corners. The shutter speed should move fast so it doesn't let a lot of light in you want the change shutter speed to change if there is movement.The ISO is to keep the photos dark high ISO will make the picture grainy and noisy. Noise is very obvious in black colors, so keep the ISO between 100 and 200.
In the above picture they have done a shutter speed a little higher then 1/125 because the subject is moving slightly as they are shown to be walking. The ISO and aperature is also perfect as it shows a perfect sight of both people and isn't grainy or blurry.
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Landscapes Picture by Wikipedia
To take perfect landscape pictures firstly you will need the perfect spot to take that picture. It would also look easy to just snap pictures anywhere but in the end for a perfect picture you will need to change up somethings.
First we need to have a mid-range aperature to take a good picture if it's towards the end of the range then it might not turn out the best and can also reduce clarity so we need a low aperature in case of sharp clear pictures if the image consists of visual elements then you need a high aperature or have it low for depth in the picture. Having a low ISO will also help usually 100-400 range is the best one.Use a tripod for a still picture. Take the picture during the golden hours when the sun light is shining orange. Also use a polarizing filter. Compose a good lanscape photo by using rule of thirds which is just to help the photo be in the middle and not off.
In the above picture it's of a building which hasn't been taken during golden hour but it has been taken from a height and has used the rule of thirds causing the picture to be perfectly aligned.
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Focus Picture by Unsplash.
For the focus pictures it might seem easy to take or make it seem if we can just take the photo on a phone instead of a camera and that is possible but if you want it to be perfect you will again need a camera even if you want to take a simple picture like the one above.
When taking the pictures with focus you will firstly need to know what you are taking a picture of and know your focal points. You should also focus on the picture instead of taking the picture abruptly or quickly. The photgrapher should also find a line. use the correct focus mode for the situation because one focus mode won't look good with every picture that you want to take. Aperature should have the priority mode also try to avoid taking the pictue in low light look at how you are standing to take the picture are you taking from above or below,etc. Use fast shutter speed for moving items and if it's slow shutter speed watch your hand so it doesn't move. Use live view to help with focusing manually. lastly consider post-processing like changes should be done later not at the moment of the picture.
in the following picture the people have taken a slow shutter speed picture because the stones are not moving. they are also standing low to take the stones aligned with the camera. The foucs is on the stones causing the background to be blurred.
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