Articles
Aceves, William J. “International Decision: Murphy v. Netherland”
American Journal of International
Law 92 (1998): 87-91.
Aceves, William J. “The Vienna Convention on Consular Relations: A Study of Rights,
Wrongs, and Remedies.” Vanderbilt Journal of International Law 31 (1998): 257-324.
Bedjaoui, Mohammed. “The Reception by National Courts of
Decisions of International Tribunals.” In International Law Decisions in National Courts, edited by Thomas M. Franck and Gregory H. Fox, 21-35.
New York: Transnational Publishers, Inc., 1996.
Bianchi, Andrea. “Overcoming the Hurdle of State Immunity
in the Domestic Enforcement of International Human Rights.” In Enforcing
International Human Rights in Domestic Courts,
edited by Benedetto Conforti and Francesco Francioni, 405-439. Hague, the Netherlands: Martinus Nijhoff
Publishers, 1997.
Blackmun, Harry A. “The Supreme Court and the Law of Nations.”
Yale Law Journal 104 (1994): 39-49.
Charter of the Organization
of Supreme Courts of the Americas, 40 St. Louis L.J. 1131, 1996.
Fitzpatrick, Joan. “The Unreality of International Law in
the United States and the LaGrand Case,” , 27 Yale Journal of International
Law, Summer, 2002 p.
427
Franck, Thomas M., and Gregory H. Fox. International Law
Decisions in National Courts, New
York: Transnational Publishers, Inc., 1996.
Franck, Thomas
M., and Gregory H. Fox. “Introduction: Transnational Judicial Synergy.”
In International Law Decisions in National Courts,
edited by Thomas M. Franck and Gregory H. Fox, 1-11. New York: Transnational
Publishers, Inc., 1996.
Gisvold, Gregory D. “Strangers in a Strange Land: Assessing
the Fate of Foreign Nationals Arrested in the United States by State and
Local Authorities.” Minnesota Law
Review 78 (1994): 771-803.
Helfer, Laurence R., and Anne-Marie Slaughter. “Toward a
Theory of Effective Supranational Adjudication.” Yale Law Journal 107 (1997): 273-328.
Henkin, Louis BREARD: Provisional
Measures, U.S. Treaty Obligations, and the States The American Journal
International Law October, 1998 p.
679
Henry, Jehanne E., Comment, Overcoming
Federalism in Internationalized Death Penalty Cases, 35 Tex. Int'l L.J.
459, 461 (2000)
Kadish, Mark J. “Article 36 of the Vienna Convention on Consular
Relations: A Search for the Right to Consul.” Michigan Journal of International
Law 18 (1997): 565-612.
Lee, Luke T. Vienna Convention
on Consular Relations 10714 (1966).
Lien, Molly Warner The Cooperative
and Integrative Models of International Judicial Comity: Two Illustrations
Using Transnational Discovery and Breard Scenarios, 50 Cath. U. L.
Rev. 591, 638, 646-47 (2001)
G.E. do Nascimento e Silva, The
Vienna Conference on Consular Relations, 13 Int'l & Comp. L.Q. 1214, 1214 (1964).
Sandra Day O'Connor, Our Shrinking World: Why Lawyers Need
International Awareness, Keynote Address to the Union Internationale des
Advocates, Philadelphia, Pa. (Sept. 3, 1997)
Sandra Day O'Connor, Broadening
our Horizons: Why American Judges and Lawyers Must Learn about Foreign
Law, INT'L JUD. OBSERVER (Int'l Jud. Acad./ASIL), June 1997, at
2 (article adapted from speech given by Justice O'Connor at the 1997 spring
meeting of the American College of Trial Lawyers). www.fjc.gov/ www.fjc.gov/STAFEDJUAF/ijo/intobs.html
Ordonez, Sarita, and David Reilly. “Effect of the Jurisprudence
of the International Court of Justice on National Courts.” In International
Law Decisions in National Courts,
edited by Thomas M. Franck and Gregory H. Fox, 335-371. New York: Transnational
Publishers, Inc., 1996.
Kevin Reed, Richard J. Wilson, and Joan Fitzpatrick,
"Race, Criminal Justice and the Death Penalty," Whittier
Law Review 15 (1994): pp. 400, 402-409.
Quigley, John. LaGrand: A Challenge to the U.S. Judiciary,
27 The Yale Journal of International Law,
Summer, 2002 p. 435
Shank, S. Adele, and John B. Quigley. “Foreigners on Texas’s
Death Row and the Right of Access to a Consul.” St. Mary’s Law Journal 26 (1995): 719-753.
Shank, S. Adele, and John B. Quigley. “Obligations to Foreigners Accused of Crime
in the United States: A Failure of Enforcement.” Criminal Law Forum 9 (1999): 99-142.
Slaughter, Anne-Marie. “A Typology of Transjudicial Communication.”
In International Law Decisions in National Courts, edited by Thomas M. Franck and Gregory H. Fox, 37-69.
New York: Transnational Publishers, Inc., 1996.
Springrose, Linda Jane. Note, Strangers
in a Strange Land: The Rights of Non-Citizens Under Article 36 of the
Vienna Convention on Consular Relations, 14 Geo. Immigr. L.J. 185, 195
Tams, Christian. 27 The Yale Journal of International Law, Summer, 2002
Kelly Trainer, Comment, The Vienna
Convention on Consular Relations in the United States Courts, 13 Transnat'l
Law. 227, 231-234 (2000)
Vagts Detlev F. The United States
and Its Treaties: Observance and Breach 95 The American Journal International
Law April, 2001, 313
Weinman, Jennifer Lynne The Clash
Between U.S. Criminal Procedure and the Vienna Convention on Consular
Relations: An Analysis of the International Court of Justice Decision
in the LaGrand Case 17 Am. U. Int'l L. Rev. 2002 857,
Wilson, Richard J. “Inter-American Commission on Human Rights
Decides U.S. Death Penalty Case,” 1998 ACLU International Civil Liberties
Report 26-27.
Michael C. Dorf, FindLaw Forum:
When U.S. States Execute Citizens of Other Countries, CNN.com.LAWCENTER,
(July 25, 2001) (explaining that litigation over the LaGrand Case and
others highlights the conflicts between how the United States views the
application of international law to domestic law and how other countries
regard the same), available at http://www.cnn.com/2001/LAW/ 07/ columns/
fl.dorf.executions.0725/index.html
U.S.
Cases
Breard v. Greene, 523 U.S. 371 (1998)
Breard v. Greene,
523 U.S. 371, 1998 U.S. LEXIS 2465 (per curiam), cert. &
stay denying by Breard v. Pruett,
134 F.3d 615 (4th Cir. 1998), aff’g by Breard v. Netherland,
949 F.Supp. 1255 (E.D. Va. 1996).
Breard v. Greene,
523 U.S. 371, 1998 (per curiam), cert. & stay denying by
Republic of Paraguay v. Allen, 134 F.3d 622 (4th Cir. 1998), aff’g 949 F.Supp. 1269 (E.D. Va. 1996).
Committee of U.S. Citizens Living in Nicaragua v. Reagan D.D.C. 1987 and 2 F.2d 929 D.C. Cir. 1988.
Faulder v. Johnson,
81 F.3d 515 (5th Cir. 1996), cert. denied, 519 U.S. 995 (1996).
State v. LaGrand, (Walter) 153 Ariz. 21, 734 P.2d 563, 565-66 (Ariz. 1987).
State v. Karl LaGrand, 152 Ariz. 483, 733 P.2d 1066 (Ariz. 1987); cert denied. 484 U.S. 872, (1987).
LaGrand v. Lewis, 883 F. Supp. 469 (D. Ariz. 1995), Lethal Injection
LaGrand v. Lewis, 883 F. Supp. 451 (D. Ariz. 1995), Main Appeal
LaGrand v. Stewart,
133 F.3d 1253 (9th Cir. 1998), cert. denied, 119 S.Ct. 422 (1998).
Federal Republic of Germany
v. United States, 526 U.S. 111, 111-12
(1999)
Murphy v. Netherland,
116 F.3d 97 (4th Cir. 1997), cert. denied, 118 S.Ct. 26 (1997).
Ohio v. Loza, 1997
Ohio App. LEXIS 4574 (Ohio Ct. App.).
Ohio v. Issa, 752 N.E.2d 904, 935 (Ohio 2001) cert. denied April 1, 2002
Paraguay v. Allen, 949 F. Supp. 1269, 1271 (E.D. Va. 1996), aff'd, 134 F.3d
622 (4th Cir. 1998).
Stanford v. Kentucky, 492
U.S. 361 (1989).
Thompson v. Oklahoma,
487 U.S. 815 (1988).
United Mexican States v. Woods, 126 F.3d 1220 (9th Cir. 1997), cert. denied, 1998 U.S. LEXIS 2563.
Villafuerte v. Stewart,
142 F.3d 1124 (9th Cir. 1998).
International
Cases
R v. Abbrederis, (1981) Australia, 36 A.L.R.
109,
Case Concerning the Vienna Convention on Consular
Relations (Paraguay v. United States of America), International Court of Justice (April 9, 1998) <http://www.icj-cij.org/
I.C.J., Case Concerning United States Diplomatic and Consular
Staff in Teheran (U.S.A. v. Iran) (memorial of U.S.A. at 174).
From United States Diplomatic and Consular Staff in Tehran
(USA. v. Iran), I.C.J. Pleadings, at 174, and Memorial of the United States
to the International Court of Justice in the Case Concerning United States
Diplomatic and Consular Staff in Tehran.
Inter-American Court of Human Rights, El derecho a la
informaci n sobre la asistencia consular en el marco de las garant as
del debido proceso legal, Opini n consultiva OC-16/99/
LaGrand Case (F.R.G. v. U.S.), 2001 I.C.J. (June 27), available
at http://www.icj-cij.org.
Memorial of the Federal Republic of Germany (F.R.G. v. U.S.), I.C.J. Pleadings (Lagrand
Case) 139 (March 27, 2000), available at http://www.icj-cij.org
Counter-Memorial of the United States of America (F.R.G.
v. U.S.), I.C.J. Pleadings (Lagrand Case) 139 (March 27, 2000), available
at http://www.icj-cij.org
Military and Paramilitary Activities in and against Nicaragua
(Nicar. v. U.S.), 1986 I.C.J. 14 (June 27).
Roach and Pinkerton v. U.S., Case 9647, Inter-American Commission of Human Rights,
147, OEA/ser.L/V/II.71, doc. 9 rev. 1 (1986-87).
Soering v. United Kingdom European Court of Human Rights, 1989. 161 Eur.Ct. H.R. (ser.A), 11 E.H.R.R.
439.
The Right to Information on Consular Assistance in the Framework
of the Guarantees of the Due Process of Law, Advisory Opinion OC-16/99,
Inter-Am. C.H.R. (ser. A) No. 16 (1999), 141.
Written Observations of the United States of America, Request
for Advisory Opinion OC-16 (on file at Inter- American Court of Human
Rights) at 27.
Inter-American Court of Human Rights, Advisory Opinion OC-16/99
of October 1, 1999, The Right to Information on Consular Assistance in
the Framework of the Guarantees of Due Process of Law, para. 122.
Treaties
Article 10, UN Declaration on the Human Rights of Individuals
Who Are Not Nationals of the Country in Which They Live (U.N.G.A. Res.
40/144, (1985)).
Article 6(3), UN Convention against Torture and Other Cruel,
Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (U.N.G.A. Res. 39/46, (1984));
Rule 38(1),
Body of Principles for the Protection of All Persons Under
Any Form of Detention or Imprisonment (U.N.G.A. Res. 43/173 (1988));
Commission on Human Rights, The Question of the Death Penalty,
ESC Res. 2000/65, UN ESCOR, UN Doc. E/CN.4/RES/2000/65 (2000);
Commission on Human Rights, The Question of the Death Penalty,
ESC Res. 1999/61, UN Doc. E/CN.4/RES/1999/61 (1999).
Statute of the International Court
of Justice, June 26, 1945, art. 36, 59 Stat. 1055
UN Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners
(ECOSOC Res. 663 (1957)); Principle 16(2),
U.N. Charter Article 94
Vienna Convention on Consular Relations, Apr. 24, 1963, 21
U.S.T. 77, 596 U.N.T.S. 261.
Statutes
Section 834 (c) of the California Penal Code.
Code of Federal Regulations, 28 C.F.R. §50.5(a) and 8 C.F.R.
§236.1(e).
Az. R. Crim. P. 32.2 (West 2001)
(mandating that a defendant is precluded from relief for any claim "that
has been waived at trial, on appeal, or in any previous collateral proceeding.")
Antiterrorism and Effective Death
Penalty Act of 1996, 28 U.S.C. 2254 (2001) and 28 U.S.C. 2261 (2001)
Web Sites
Amnesty International On-line,
“A Time For Action-Protecting the Consular Rights of Foreign Nationals
Facing the Death Penalty,” AMR 51/106/2001, Aug. 22 2001 http://www.web.amnesty.org/ai.nsf/recent/AMR511062001
American University data on foreign nationals. http://www.wcl.american.edu/humright/deathpenalty/vccr.html
Angel Breard briefs and opinions http://www.mwbb.com/breard/breardbriefs.htm
Death Penalty Information Center http://www.deathpenaltyinfo.org/foreignnatl.html
Justices See Joint Issues with
the EU, Washington Post , July 8, 1998, at A24.
