Practice Questions and Answer Key

1. The Mission

For each number, select the correct response a. Kosovo b. Bosnia c. Croatia d. Serbia e. Yugoslavia

1. Montenegro never seceded and remains a junior partner Yugoslavia

2. Territory where Ottoman Turks defeated Serbs in 14^th Century Kosovo

3. Predominantly Eastern Orthodox province of former Yugoslavia Serbia

4. Nationalist leader Milosevic intensified wars of Yugoslav succession Serbia

5. Most likely to ally with Albania Kosovo

6. Fascist allies of Nazi Germany engaged in WWII atrocities Croatia

7. Four year NATO peacekeeping mission protects a fragile federation Bosnia

8. Tito’s leadership maintained unity with minority rights Yugoslavia

9. Province of former Yugoslavia with 3 major religious groups Bosnia

10. Predominantly Roman Catholic province of former Yugoslavia Croatia

11. Which group would be most likely to want President Clinton to protect Kosovo’s Albanian Muslims?

*a. Turkish descendants of the Ottoman Empire

b. Eastern Orthodox Greek descendants of the Byzantine Empire.

2. The Home Front

1. Which precedent offers the greatest support for President Clinton to exercise unchecked power as Commander in Chief?

a. The 1960s Tonkin Gulf Resolution authorizing a military response after communist North Vietnamese ships attacked a U.S. destroyer

b. The 1991 debate and vote in Congress to approve Operation Desert Storm before U.S. ground troops initiated combat in the Gulf War.

*c. The 1983 Reagan administration deployment of U.S. peacekeepers in Lebanon without regard for the War Powers Resolution

2. Which rule of law provides the greatest legal authority for President Clinton to initiate military action?

a. U.S. Constitution, Article I

*b. U.S. Constitution, Article II

c. 1973 War Powers Resolution

d. 1949 NATO Treaty

e. Dayton Peace Accords

3. If persuaded that military intervention was needed, which individual would be most likely to prefer a unilateral U.S. military operation rather than a multilateral campaign?

a. Robert Dole *b. Jesse Helms c. Boutros Boutros Ghali

4. Which Republican would be most likely to oppose a Democratic President exercising powers of the Commander in Chief to initiate a NATO mission in the Balkans

*a. John Ashcroft b. George Bush c. Colin Powell d. Ronald Reagan

5. In which situation did Congress take equal responsibility with the President for a military initiative that could have brought blame as well as credit?

a. Haiti b. Grenada c. Somalia *d. Iraq

6. In which case did a Democratic majority in Congress allow a Republican President to ignore the War Powers Resolution?

a. Bosnia b. Haiti *c. Somalia

7. If true, which might best be described as a "wag the dog" military intervention for personal political gain? Clinton deciding to

a. protect Bosnia’s Muslims with U.S. air power to avoid the kind of genocide which resulted after inaction in Rwanda

*b. stop Serb atrocities in Kosovo to win public support against domestic political adversaries seeking to cripple his Presidency

c. stop Haitian refugees from fleeing to the U.S. by overthrowing that country’s oppressive military government

3. International Arena

1. Which would be the best legal authority for NATO military intervention?

a. The U.N. Charter Article 2(4)

b. 1997 Founding Act, NATO and Russia

*c. Customary international law

d. The U.N. Charter, Chapter VII, Article 51

2. Which Presidential adviser would have the most direct command responsibility for any military action Clinton initiated?

a. National Security Adviser Berger

b. Secretary of State Albright

*c. Secretary of Defense Cohen

3. Which institution would afford Boris Yeltsin the greatest opportunity to check NATO?

*a. U.N. Security Council

b. Organization of Security and Cooperation in Europe

c. Balkans Contact Group

4. Which case illustrates the Security Council’s inability to act?

a. Resolution approving Operation Restore Hope in Somalia

*b. Uniting for Peace Resolution to continue UN multilateral action in Korea

c. Resolution authorizing a collective response when Iraq invaded Kuwait

5. Which office would be most supportive of Yugoslavia’s sovereignty?

*a. President of Russia

b. Supreme Allied Commander Europe (SACEUR)

c. U.N. Secretary General

6. The Rambouillet talks were less successful than the Dayton mediation because

*a. Milosevic refused to negotiate

b. NATO foreign ministers were divided

c. The KLA demanded independence

7. Milosevic apparently feared that

a. KFOR would stop ethnic cleansing

*b. The KLA would acquire sovereignty in Kosovo

c. NATO bombing would destroy Serbia

8. Why did President Clinton declare that he would not send U.S. ground troops into Kosovo?

a. Respect for the U.N. Charter

b. Deference to the U.S. Constitution

c. Concern that Serb forces were superior

*d. Concern about domestic opposition to casualties

9. What explanation for his response to Kosovo would Clinton find most objectionable?

a. prevent wider war in the Balkans destabilizing U.S. allies

*b. rally U.S. public opinion to support the Commander in Chief

c. prevent Serb atrocities against Albanian Muslims in Kosovo

d. maintain NATO credibility

4. A Just War?

1. Which group was most likely to oppose President Clinton’s response to Kosovo?

a. Carnegie Endowment National Commission on America and the New World

b. Anti-war liberals from the 1960s who opposed South Vietnam's persecution of Buddhists and political dissidents.

*c. Conservative opponents of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and the World Trade Organization (WTO).

2. Which argument offers the best support for President Clinton’s response to Kosovo?

*a. Appropriation of funds for Operation Allied Force by Congress and Security Council approval of NATO peacekeepers retroactively legitimized U.S. policy.

b. Massive human rights violations do not justify U.S. high tech measures that kill enemy combatants and non-combatants with minimal risk to American lives.

c. Since absolute power corrupts absolutely, U.S. "hyper-power" must submit to international law and intergovernmental organizations with universal membership.

3. Which argument offers the most serious challenge to President Clinton’s response to Kosovo?

*a. Selective humanitarian intervention appears arbitrary when the U.S. and U.N. ignore Chechnya, Kashmir, and Tibet.

b. KLA refugees might provoke Yugoslavia to attack Macedonia and Albania.

c. The War Powers Resolution clearly violated the Commander-in-Chief’s constitutional powers under Article II.

4. If Milosevic had not conceded, what would Clinton have been most likely to do next?

*a. deploy ground troops in preparation for an occupation of Kosovo

b. propose UN Security Council approval of a NATO occupation force

c. seek US Congressional approval for a ground war

d. arm KLA refugees in Albania to expel Serbs from Kosovo

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