Uncertainty Avoidance and Masculinity

Source: G. Hofstede, “The Cultural Relativity of Organizational Practices and Theories,” Journal of

International Business Studies 14 (Fall 1983), pp. 75-89.

DEN

NOR

SWE

NET

FIN

SIN

HOK

MAL

JAM

IRE

GBR

IND

PHI

SAF

AUL

USA

NZL

CAN

IDO

EAF

WAF

IRA

THA

ARA

PAK

TAI

SWI

GER

AUT

MEX

VEN

BEL

ARG

COL

ITA

JPN

GRE

CHL

COS

YUG

ISR

BRA

POR

GUA

URU

SAL

PER

PAN

TUR

SPA

FRA

KOR

Weak uncertainty

avoidance

Feminine

Weak uncertainty

avoidance

Masculine

Strong uncertainty

avoidance

Feminine

Strong uncertainty

avoidance

Masculine

8

16

24

32

40

48

56

64

72

80

88

96

104

110

5 23 41 59 77 95

Masculinity Index (MAS)

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