The Equator of the Sun rotates FASTER than the Poles of the Sun. Because the Sun has magnetic fields running along its surface, this differential rotation causes the magnetic fields lines to be stretched around like taffy. This is called the 'Babcock model' for the magnetic cycle.
Flares are created when the magnetic field lines become re-attached, releasing tremendous amounts of energy and electrons. Coronal Holes are regions where the magentic field does not loop back, and the hot gas streams away from the sun. |
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About every 11 years, the taffy gets so incredibly wound up, it simply *SNAPS*. The magnetic field lines re-align, and the Sun is seen during a MINIMUM activity stage again. However, NOW, Magnetic North and South have SWITCHED!