html {
    font-size: 16px;
    overflow-x: hidden;
}

body {
    font-family: "Lato";
    padding: 0;
    margin: 0;

    line-height: 2;
    letter-spacing: 0.3px;
    font-weight: 400;

    overflow-x: hidden;
}

h1,
h2,
h3,
h4,
h5,
h6 {
    font-family: "Lato";
    font-weight: 700;
    line-height: 2;

    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
}

h1 {
    border-width: 0 0 2px 0;
    border-style: double;
    border-color: #a4a4a4;
    color: rgb(26, 90, 111);

    font-size: clamp(1.5rem, 2vw, 8rem);
}

h2 {
    border-width: 0 0 1px 0;
    border-style: solid;
    border-color: #a4a4a4;
    color: rgb(40, 140, 173);

    margin-left: 12px;
    padding-top: 12px;
    font-size: clamp(1.2rem, 1.5vw, 6rem);
}

summary:hover {
    cursor: pointer;
}

details {
    border-width: 0 0 1px 0;
    border-style: solid;
    border-color: #a4a4a4;
    color: rgb(40, 140, 173);

    margin-left: 12px;
    padding-top: 12px;
    font-size: clamp(1rem, 1.2vw, 4rem);
    font-weight: bold;
}

details p {
    color: black;
    font-weight: normal;
}

.h2-link {
    color: rgb(40, 140, 173);
    text-decoration: none;
}

.h2-link:hover {
    text-decoration: underline;
}

h3 {
    color: rgb(27, 105, 131);
    padding-top: 12px;
    font-size: clamp(1.2rem, 1.5vw, 6rem);
}

.full-page {
    height: 100%;
}

.header {
    width: 100%;
    max-width:800px;
    height: 10vh;
    min-height: 72px;

    font-size: clamp(1rem, 1vw, 1.5rem);
    font-weight: 700;

    box-sizing: border-box;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: row;
    list-style-type: none;

    background: #CBDCEB;

    padding: 0 5%;
    align-items: center;
    overflow-x: auto;

    gap: 24px;
}

.header {
  /* IE and Edge */
  -ms-overflow-style: auto;
  
  /* Firefox */
  scrollbar-width: none;
}

/* Chrome, Safari, and Opera */
.header::-webkit-scrollbar {
  display: none;
}

.header .header-logo {
    min-height: 90%;
    max-height: 100%;
}

.header a {
    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: nowrap;
    align-items: center;
    padding: clamp(0.2rem, 1.5vw, 3rem);
    
    transition: all 0.1s;
    text-decoration: none;
    color: black;
    
    font-size: clamp(1rem, 1.2vw, 6rem);
}

.header a:hover {
    color: white;
}

.header-logo-frame {
    margin-right: auto;
    display: grid;
    grid-template-rows: 75% auto;
    height: 100%;
}

.header-image {
    margin-top: 6px;
    width: 100%;
    height: 42px;
}

.header-image img {
    width: 100%;
    height: 80%;
    object-fit: fill;
}

.header-slogan {
    color: #065980;
    font-size: clamp(0.45rem, 0.5vw, 4rem);
    padding: 0;
    margin: 0;
    line-height: 8px;
}

.direct-link {
    text-decoration: none;
    color: rgb(62, 136, 160);
}

.content-bar {
    padding: 24px 32px;
}

.content {
    padding: 12px 4%;
    min-height: calc(100vh - 60px);
    background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248);

    font-size: clamp(1rem, 1.2vw, 4rem);
}

.homepage-main {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 40% auto;
    width: 100%;

    background: linear-gradient(to bottom right, rgba(210, 210, 210, 0.099), rgba(255, 255, 255, 0));
}

.homepage-main img {
    width: 100%;
}

.homepage-icon-list {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-rows: 1fr 1fr 1fr;
    margin: 0 2%;
}

.homepage-icon-frame {
    display: grid;
    box-sizing: border-box;
    grid-template-columns: 40% auto;
    grid-template-rows: auto 1fr;
    padding: 24px 0;
    max-height: 100%;
    width: 100%;
    text-align: center;
    justify-items: center;
}

.homepage-icon-frame:hover {
    box-shadow: 0 0 10px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);
    transition: 0.2s;
}

.homepage-icon-frame p {
    margin: 0;
    font-weight: 400;
}

.homepage-icon {
    width: 100%;
    height: auto;
    max-height: 100%;
    object-fit: cover;
    
    grid-row: 1 / span 2;
    align-self: center;
}

.homepage-desc {
    padding: 0 24px;
    line-height: clamp(2rem, 3vw, 8rem);
    font-size: clamp(1rem, 1.2vw, 6rem);
}

.lab-bio {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 30% 1fr;
    column-gap: 12px;
    margin-bottom: 30px;
}

.lab-bio img {
    width: 100%;
}

.bio {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 30% 1fr;
    column-gap: 12px;
    justify-items: center;
    margin-bottom: 30px;
}

.bio img {
    height: 100%;
    min-height: 100%;
}

.contact-frame {
    margin-top: 2vw;
    column-gap: 1vw;
    row-gap: 1vh;
    display: grid;
    grid-template-rows: 1fr 1fr;
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
}

.contact-1 {
    border: double black;
    border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;
    border-radius: 1px;
    
    text-align: center;
}

.contact-2 {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    flex-direction: column;
    border: double black;
    border-width: 1px 0 0 1px;
    border-radius: 1px;
    padding: 12px;
    
    text-align: center;
}

.contact-button {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    background-color: #065980;
    color: white;
    
    font-family: "Lato";
    font-size: clamp(1.2rem, 1.2vw, 8rem);
    width: auto;
    height: auto;
    padding: 12px 24px;
    
    transition: 0.2s;
    
    text-decoration: none;
    cursor: pointer;
    
    border: 1px solid white;
}

.contact-button:hover {
    background-color: white;
    color: #065980;
    
    border: 1px solid #065980;
}

.contact-info {
    margin: 0;
    margin-left: 2vw;
}

footer {
    height: 100%;
    background-color: #44416f;
    width: 100%;

    display: grid;
    grid-template-rows: auto auto auto;

    box-sizing: border-box;
}

footer .footer-image-1 {
    width: 100%;
}

footer .footer-image-2 {
    width: 100%;
}

footer .link-tab {
    padding: 5% 10%;
    color: white;
    box-sizing: content-box;
}

footer .link-tab a:link {
    color: white;
    text-decoration: none;
}

footer .link-tab a:hover {
    color: white;
    text-decoration: underline;
}

.large-title {
    color: rgb(26, 90, 111);
    font-weight: 700;
    font-size: clamp(1.6rem, 1.4vw, 30rem);
    width: 100%;
    text-align: center;
    line-height: 1.5;

    border-width: 0 0 2px 0;
    border-style: double;
    border-color: #616161;
}

.sub-title {
    color: black;
    font-weight: 400;
    font-size: clamp(1rem, 1.2vw, 9rem);
    width: 100%;
    text-align: center;
    letter-spacing: 1px;

    border: 0;
    margin: 0;
    margin-bottom: 12px;

    box-sizing: border-box;
}

.sub-sub-title {
        color: black;
        font-weight: 400;
        font-size: clamp(0.8rem, 1.2vw, 10rem);
        width: 100%;
        text-align: center;

        border: 0;
        margin-bottom: 12px;
    }

.homepage-main-image {
    width: 100%;
    height: auto;
    max-height: 100%;
    object-fit: cover;
    text-align: center;
}

.homepage-main-image img {
    width: 100%;
    height: auto;
    max-height: 100%;
    object-fit: cover;
    text-align: center;
}

.member-frame {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-rows: auto 1fr;
    padding: 2vw 0;
    column-gap: 2vw;
}

.member-image {
    width: 60%;
    height: auto;
    justify-self: center;
    object-fit: cover;
    object-position: top;
}

.member-bio {
    margin-top: 0;
}

.project-part {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-rows: 1fr auto;
    margin: 0;
    margin-left: 2vw;
    row-gap: 4vh;
}

.project-img {
    width: 80%;
    justify-self: center;
    height: auto;
}

.project-listing {
    margin: 2vw 0;
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    grid-template-rows: auto auto;
    column-gap: 2vw;
    row-gap: 2vh;
}

.project-box {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-rows: 1fr auto;
    text-align: center;
    justify-items: center;
}

.project-box:hover {
    box-shadow: 0 0 10px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);
    transition: 0.2s;
    cursor: pointer;
}

.project-box img {
    width: 60%;
    height: 80%;
    object-fit: cover;
}

.project-title {
    margin: 0;
    font-weight: bold;
}

.news-frame {
    margin-top: 2vw;
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    row-gap: 2vw;
}

.news-frame p {
    font-size: clamp(1rem, 1vw, 6rem);
}

.news-box {
    box-shadow: 0 7px 3px -7px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);
    display: grid;
    grid-template-rows: 1fr auto;
    text-align: center;
    justify-items: center;
    
    font-weight: bold;
}

.news-box:hover {
    box-shadow: 0 0 10px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);
    transition: 0.2s;
    cursor: pointer;
}

.news-box img {
    width: 100%;
    height: auto;
    object-fit: cover;
}

.sub-news-frame p {
    color: black;
}

.publication-top {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 1fr auto;
    
    border-width: 0 0 2px 0;
    border-style: double;
    border-color: #a4a4a4;
}

.publication-top h1 {
    border: 0;
}

.scholar-link {
    margin: 0;
    padding: 12px 0 0 0;
}

.scholar-link a {
    border-width: 0 0 1px 0;
    border-style: solid;
    border-color: #a4a4a4;
    color: rgb(26, 90, 111);
    font-size: clamp(1rem, 1.2vw, 4rem);
    font-weight: bold;
    text-decoration: none;
}

.scholar-link a:hover {
    text-decoration: underline;
}


ul {
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
}

footer a:visited {
    color: white;
}

.back-button:hover {
    cursor: pointer;
    color: rgb(40, 140, 173);
}

@media (min-width: 480px) {
    .header {max-width:100%;}
    .large-title {
        color: rgb(26, 90, 111);
        font-weight: 700;
        font-size: clamp(2.4rem, 2.4rem, 20rem);
        width: 100%;
        text-align: center;
        line-height: 1.5;

        border-width: 0 0 2px 0;
        border-style: double;
        border-color: #616161;
    }

    .sub-title {
        color: black;
        font-weight: 400;
        font-size: clamp(1.4rem, 1.4vw, 12rem);
        width: 100%;
        text-align: center;

        border: 0;
        margin-bottom: 12px;
    }
    
    .homepage-icon {   
        width: 80%;
    }
    
    .project-listing {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
    }

    .member-image {
        width: 40%;
    }
    
    .news-frame {
        margin-top: 3vw;
        display: grid;
        grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
        column-gap: 2vw;
        row-gap: 1vw;
    }
}

@media (min-width: 768px) {
    .header {max-width: 100%;}
    .member-frame {
        display: grid;
        grid-template-columns: 20% 1fr;
        padding: 2vw 0;
    }

    .member-image {
        width: 100%;
    }
    
    .homepage-main-image img {
        width: 60%;
    }
    
    .homepage-icon {   
        width: 50%;
        grid-row: 1;
    }

    .homepage-icon-list {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr 1fr;
        grid-template-rows: auto;
    }
    
    .homepage-icon-frame {
        display: grid;
        box-sizing: border-box;
        grid-template-rows: 3fr 1fr 2fr;
        grid-template-columns: auto;
        padding: 8% 8%;
        max-height: 100%;
        width: 100%;
        text-align: center;
        justify-items: center;
    }
    
    .project-listing {
        margin: 2vw 0;
        display: grid;
        grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr 1fr;
        grid-template-rows: auto auto;
        column-gap: 2vw;
        row-gap: 2vh;
    }

    .project-part {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr 50%;
        column-gap: 1vw;
    }

    .project-img {
        width: 100%;
        justify-self: right;
        object-fit: cover;
    }
    
    .news-frame {
        margin-top: 2vw;
        display: grid;
        grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr 1fr 1fr;
        column-gap: 2vw;
    }
    
    .contact-frame {
        margin-top: 2vw;
        column-gap: 1vw;
        display: grid;
        grid-template-rows: 1fr;
        grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
    }

    footer {
        grid-template-columns: 40% 40% 30%;
    }
    
}


/* ========================================
   COSMIC LAB - RESEARCH PAGE
   ======================================== */

/* Research Introduction */

.research-intro {
    max-width: 1000px;
    margin: 0 auto 45px;
}

.research-tagline {
    font-size: clamp(1.5rem, 3vw, 2.2rem);
    font-weight: 700;
    line-height: 1.3;
    margin: 15px 0 20px;
    border: none;
    color: rgb(26, 90, 111);
    padding: 0;
}

.research-intro p {
    font-size: 1.05rem;
    line-height: 1.8;
    margin-bottom: 15px;
}

/* Research Areas */

.research-areas {
    margin-top: 40px;
}

.research-areas > h2 {
    margin-left: 0;
}

.research-subtitle {
    font-size: 1.05rem;
    line-height: 1.7;
    margin-bottom: 30px;
}

/* Project Grid */

.research-areas .project-listing {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));
    grid-template-rows: auto;
    gap: 24px;
    align-items: stretch;
}

/* Individual Cards */

.research-areas .project-box {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    box-sizing: border-box;
    width: 100%;
    min-width: 0;
    height: 100%;
    padding: 22px;
    margin: 0;

    background: #ffffff;
    border: 1px solid #e5e7eb;
    border-radius: 12px;

    color: #222222;
    text-align: left;
    text-decoration: none;

    cursor: default;

    transition: box-shadow 0.2s ease;
}

.research-areas .project-box:hover {
    box-shadow: 0 6px 20px rgba(0,0,0,0.08);
}

/* Images */

.research-areas .project-box img {
    display: block;
    width: 100%;
    max-width: 220px;
    height: 150px;
    object-fit: contain;
    margin: 0 auto 20px;
}

/* Card Titles */

.research-areas .project-title {
    font-size: 1.2rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    line-height: 1.4;

    margin: 0 0 12px;
    padding: 0;

    color: rgb(26, 90, 111);
    text-decoration: none;
}

/* Card Descriptions */

.research-areas .project-description {
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    font-weight: 400;
    line-height: 1.65;

    color: #444444;
    text-decoration: none;

    margin: 0 0 20px;
    flex-grow: 1;
}

/* Only the Explore Research text is clickable */

.research-areas .project-link,
.research-areas .project-link:visited {
    display: inline-block;
    align-self: flex-start;

    margin-top: auto;

    font-size: 0.95rem;
    font-weight: 700;

    color: #0066aa;
    text-decoration: none;
    cursor: pointer;
}

.research-areas .project-link:hover {
    color: #004477;
    text-decoration: underline;
}

.research-areas .project-link:focus-visible {
    outline: 2px solid #0066aa;
    outline-offset: 4px;
}

/* Tablet Layout */

@media (max-width: 950px) {
    .research-areas .project-listing {
        grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
    }
}

/* Mobile Layout */

@media (max-width: 600px) {
    .research-areas .project-listing {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    }

    .research-areas .project-box {
        padding: 18px;
    }

    .research-areas .project-box img {
        max-width: 180px;
        height: 130px;
    }

    .research-intro p {
        font-size: 1rem;
    }
}

/* Accessibility */

@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
    .research-areas .project-box {
        transition: none;
    }
}




/* ========================================
   COSMIC LAB - MEMBERS PAGE
   ======================================== */

/* Page Introduction */

.members-intro {
    max-width: 1050px;
    margin: 0 auto 35px;
}

.members-tagline {
    font-size: clamp(1.4rem, 2.5vw, 2rem);
    line-height: 1.4;
    color: rgb(26, 90, 111);
    border: none;
    margin: 12px 0 20px;
    padding: 0;
}

.members-intro p {
    font-size: 1.05rem;
    line-height: 1.8;
    margin-bottom: 15px;
}

/* Expandable Member Categories */

.members-page .member-category {
    margin: 24px 0;
    padding: 0;
    border: 1px solid #d9e2e8;
    border-radius: 10px;
    background: #ffffff;
    overflow: hidden;
    color: #222;
    font-size: 1rem;
    font-weight: 400;
}

.members-page .member-category > summary {
    padding: 18px 22px;
    background: #edf4f8;
    color: rgb(26, 90, 111);
    font-size: 1.15rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    line-height: 1.5;
    cursor: pointer;
}

.members-page .member-category > summary:hover {
    background: #e1eef5;
}

.members-page .member-category > summary:focus-visible {
    outline: 2px solid #0066aa;
    outline-offset: -3px;
}

/* Individual Member Profiles */

.members-page .member-frame {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 170px minmax(0, 1fr);
    gap: 28px;

    align-items: start;
    justify-items: stretch;

    padding: 28px 24px;
    margin: 0;

    border-bottom: 1px solid #eaeaea;
}

.members-page .member-frame:last-child {
    border-bottom: none;
}

/* Photos */

.members-page .member-image {
    display: block;

    width: 170px;
    height: 190px;
    min-height: 0;
    max-width: 100%;

    object-fit: cover;
    object-position: center top;

    border-radius: 8px;
    justify-self: start;
}

/* Member Text */

.members-page .member-info {
    min-width: 0;
}

.members-page .member-info h3 {
    color: rgb(26, 90, 111);
    font-size: 1.25rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    line-height: 1.4;

    margin: 0 0 6px;
    padding: 0;
}

.members-page .member-role {
    color: #296b82;
    font-size: 0.98rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    line-height: 1.5;

    margin: 0 0 12px;
}

.members-page .member-affiliation {
    color: #666;
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    margin: 0 0 12px;
}

.members-page .member-info > p:not(.member-role):not(.member-affiliation) {
    color: #333;
    font-size: 0.98rem;
    font-weight: 400;
    line-height: 1.7;
    margin: 0 0 12px;
}

.members-page .member-info > p:last-child {
    margin-bottom: 0;
}

/* Mobile Layout */

@media (max-width: 650px) {

    .members-page .member-frame {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
        gap: 18px;
        padding: 20px;
    }

    .members-page .member-image {
        width: 150px;
        height: 170px;
        justify-self: start;
    }

    .members-page .member-category > summary {
        padding: 14px 16px;
    }

    .members-intro p {
        font-size: 1rem;
    }
}


/* ========================================
   COSMIC LAB - TEACHING PAGE
   ======================================== */

/* Introduction */

.teaching-intro {
    max-width: 1050px;
    margin: 0 auto 45px;
}

.teaching-tagline {
    font-size: clamp(1.5rem, 3vw, 2.2rem);
    font-weight: 700;
    line-height: 1.35;
    color: rgb(26, 90, 111);
    border: none;
    margin: 15px 0 20px;
    padding: 0;
}

.teaching-intro p {
    font-size: 1.05rem;
    line-height: 1.8;
    margin-bottom: 15px;
}

/* Course Section */

.teaching-courses {
    margin-top: 40px;
}

.teaching-courses > h2 {
    margin-left: 0;
}

.teaching-subtitle {
    font-size: 1.05rem;
    line-height: 1.7;
    margin-bottom: 30px;
}

/* Year Headings */

.teaching-year {
    margin-bottom: 40px;
}

.teaching-year > h3 {
    font-size: 1.4rem;
    color: rgb(26, 90, 111);
    padding-bottom: 8px;
    margin-bottom: 20px;
    border-bottom: 1px solid #d7e1e6;
}

/* Course Grid */

.teaching-course-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
    gap: 24px;
    align-items: stretch;
}

/* Course Cards */

.teaching-course-card {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    box-sizing: border-box;
    padding: 26px;
    background: #ffffff;
    border: 1px solid #e2e8ee;
    border-radius: 12px;
    min-width: 0;

    transition: box-shadow 0.2s ease,
                transform 0.2s ease;
}

.teaching-course-card:hover {
    transform: translateY(-3px);
    box-shadow: 0 8px 24px rgba(0,0,0,0.07);
}

/* Semester */

.course-semester {
    display: inline-block;
    align-self: flex-start;
    font-size: 0.85rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: #296b82;
    background: #eaf3f7;
    padding: 5px 12px;
    border-radius: 20px;
    margin-bottom: 18px;
}

/* Course Code */

.teaching-course-card > h4 {
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: #666666;
    margin: 0 0 8px;
    padding: 0;
    line-height: 1.4;
}

/* Course Name */

.teaching-course-card .course-name {
    font-size: 1.25rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    line-height: 1.4;
    color: rgb(26, 90, 111);
    margin: 0 0 16px;
    padding: 0;
}

/* Description */

.teaching-course-card > p {
    font-size: 0.97rem;
    font-weight: 400;
    line-height: 1.7;
    color: #444444;
    margin: 0 0 20px;
    flex-grow: 1;
}

/* Course Topics */

.course-topics {
    font-size: 0.85rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    color: #296b82;
    line-height: 1.6;

    padding-top: 14px;
    border-top: 1px solid #edf0f3;
}

/* Mobile Layout */

@media (max-width: 750px) {

    .teaching-course-grid {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    }

    .teaching-course-card {
        padding: 20px;
    }

    .teaching-intro p {
        font-size: 1rem;
    }
}

/* Reduced Motion */

@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
    .teaching-course-card {
        transition: none;
    }

    .teaching-course-card:hover {
        transform: none;
    }
}



/* ========================================
   COSMIC LAB - HOMEPAGE
   ======================================== */

/* HERO SECTION */

.cosmic-home .cosmic-hero {
    max-width: 1100px;
    margin: 0 auto;
    text-align: center;
}

.cosmic-home .large-title {
    margin-bottom: 5px;
}

.cosmic-home .cosmic-acronym {
    font-size: clamp(1rem, 1.5vw, 1.35rem);
    font-weight: 400;
    line-height: 1.6;
    letter-spacing: 0.5px;
    border: none;
    margin: 0 0 25px;
    padding: 0;
}

.cosmic-home .cosmic-hero-tagline {
    font-size: clamp(1.8rem, 3.5vw, 2.7rem);
    font-weight: 700;
    line-height: 1.35;

    color: rgb(26, 90, 111);

    margin: 20px 0;
    padding: 0;
    border: none;
}

.cosmic-home .cosmic-hero-description {
    font-size: clamp(1.15rem, 2vw, 1.45rem);
    font-weight: 700;
    line-height: 1.6;
    color: #296b82;
    margin: 15px 0;
}

.cosmic-home .cosmic-hero-intro {
    max-width: 950px;
    margin: 20px auto 30px;

    font-size: 1.05rem;
    line-height: 1.8;
    color: #333;
}

/* MAIN IMAGE */

.cosmic-home .cosmic-hero-image {
    max-width: 950px;
    margin: 30px auto 45px;
    text-align: center;
}

.cosmic-home .cosmic-hero-image img {
    display: block;
    width: 100%;
    height: auto;
    max-height: 450px;
    object-fit: contain;
    margin: 0 auto;
}

/* RESEARCH PILLARS */

.cosmic-home .cosmic-pillars {
    margin: 50px auto;
    max-width: 1200px;
}

.cosmic-home .cosmic-pillars > h2,
.cosmic-home .cosmic-applications > h2 {
    font-size: clamp(1.4rem, 2.4vw, 2rem);
    color: rgb(26, 90, 111);
    border: none;
    margin: 0 0 15px;
    padding: 0;
}

.cosmic-home .cosmic-section-subtitle {
    font-size: 1.05rem;
    line-height: 1.7;
    color: #555;
    margin-bottom: 30px;
}

/* THREE PILLAR GRID */

.cosmic-home .homepage-icon-list {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));
    grid-template-rows: auto;
    gap: 24px;
    margin: 0;
}

.cosmic-home .homepage-icon-frame {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: flex-start;

    width: 100%;
    min-width: 0;
    max-height: none;
    box-sizing: border-box;

    padding: 28px 22px;

    background: #ffffff;
    border: 1px solid #e3e8ed;
    border-radius: 12px;

    text-align: center;

    transition: box-shadow 0.2s ease,
                transform 0.2s ease;
}

.cosmic-home .homepage-icon-frame:hover {
    transform: translateY(-4px);
    box-shadow: 0 8px 24px rgba(0,0,0,0.08);
}

/* ICONS */

.cosmic-home .homepage-icon {
    display: block;
    width: 100%;
    max-width: 120px;
    height: 110px;
    max-height: none;

    object-fit: contain;

    margin: 0 auto 18px;

    grid-row: auto;
    align-self: center;
}

/* PILLAR TITLES */

.cosmic-home .homepage-icon-title {
    font-size: 1.2rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    line-height: 1.4;
    color: rgb(26, 90, 111);

    margin: 0 0 12px;
    padding: 0;
}

/* PILLAR DESCRIPTIONS */

.cosmic-home .homepage-icon-frame p {
    font-size: 0.97rem;
    font-weight: 400;
    line-height: 1.7;
    color: #444;
    margin: 0;
}

/* APPLICATION SECTION */

.cosmic-home .cosmic-applications {
    max-width: 1050px;
    margin: 55px auto 35px;
    text-align: center;
}

.cosmic-home .cosmic-applications p {
    font-size: 1.05rem;
    line-height: 1.8;
    color: #333;
    margin: 20px 0 30px;
}

/* RESEARCH BUTTON */

.cosmic-home .cosmic-research-button {
    display: inline-block;
    padding: 12px 26px;

    background: #065980;
    color: #ffffff;
    border-radius: 6px;

    font-size: 1rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    text-decoration: none;

    transition: background 0.2s ease;
}

.cosmic-home .cosmic-research-button:hover {
    background: #034665;
    color: #ffffff;
}

.cosmic-home .cosmic-research-button:focus-visible {
    outline: 3px solid #065980;
    outline-offset: 4px;
}

/* TABLET */

@media (max-width: 950px) {
    .cosmic-home .homepage-icon-list {
        grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
    }
}

/* MOBILE */

@media (max-width: 650px) {

    .cosmic-home .homepage-icon-list {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    }

    .cosmic-home .homepage-icon-frame {
        padding: 22px 18px;
    }

    .cosmic-home .cosmic-hero-intro,
    .cosmic-home .cosmic-applications p {
        font-size: 1rem;
    }

    .cosmic-home .cosmic-hero-image img {
        max-height: 280px;
    }
}

/* REDUCED MOTION */

@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
    .cosmic-home .homepage-icon-frame,
    .cosmic-home .cosmic-research-button {
        transition: none;
    }

    .cosmic-home .homepage-icon-frame:hover {
        transform: none;
    }
}


/* ========================================
   MEMBERS PAGE - FINAL REFINEMENTS
   ======================================== */

/* More compact introduction */
.members-page .members-intro {
    max-width: 1000px;
    margin-bottom: 32px;
}

.members-page .members-tagline {
    font-size: clamp(1.35rem, 2.5vw, 1.9rem);
    line-height: 1.4;
    margin-bottom: 18px;
}

/* Better profile spacing */
.members-page .member-frame {
    gap: 24px;
    padding: 24px;
}

/* Member name */
.members-page .member-info h3 {
    font-size: 1.35rem;
    line-height: 1.35;
    margin-bottom: 8px;
}

/* Member role */
.members-page .member-role {
    color: #296b82;
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    margin-bottom: 8px;
}

/* Research area */
.members-page .member-research {
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    line-height: 1.6;
    color: #475569;
    margin-bottom: 14px;
}

/* Subtle hover effect */
.members-page .member-frame {
    transition: background-color 0.2s ease;
}

.members-page .member-frame:hover {
    background-color: #f8fbfd;
}

/* Better mobile display */
@media (max-width: 650px) {
    .members-page .member-frame {
        gap: 14px;
        padding: 18px;
    }

    .members-page .member-image {
        width: 145px;
        height: 165px;
    }
}

@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
    .members-page .member-frame {
        transition: none;
    }
}



/* ========================================
   COSMIC LAB - RESEARCH ICONS
   ======================================== */

.research-areas .research-icon {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;

    width: 76px;
    height: 76px;

    margin: 0 auto 22px;

    color: #37677a;
    background: #f2f6f8;
    border: 1px solid #e3eaee;
    border-radius: 12px;
}

.research-areas .research-icon i {
    font-size: 34px;
    line-height: 1;
}

/* Subtle card appearance */

.research-areas .project-box {
    box-shadow: none;
    transition: box-shadow 0.2s ease;
}

.research-areas .project-box:hover {
    box-shadow: 0 3px 12px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.06);
}

/* No icon movement or animation */

.research-areas .research-icon,
.research-areas .research-icon i {
    transition: none;
}



/* ========================================
   COSMIC LAB - RESEARCH ICONS
   ======================================== */

/* Icon Container */

.research-areas .research-icon {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;

    width: 80px;
    height: 80px;

    margin: 0 auto 24px;

    background-color: #f2f6f8;
    border: 1px solid #e3eaee;
    border-radius: 12px;

    color: #37677a;
}

/* Font Awesome Icons */

.research-areas .research-icon i {
    font-size: 36px;
    line-height: 1;
}

/* Clean, Professional Cards */

.research-areas .project-box {
    background-color: #ffffff;
    border: 1px solid #e5e7eb;
    border-radius: 10px;

    box-shadow: none;
    cursor: default;

    transition: box-shadow 0.2s ease;
}

.research-areas .project-box:hover {
    transform: none;
    box-shadow: 0 3px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.06);
}

/* Research Titles */

.research-areas .project-title {
    font-size: 1.2rem;
    color: #1a5a6f;
    font-weight: 700;
}

/* Research Links */

.research-areas .project-link {
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    color: #065980;
    font-weight: 700;
    text-decoration: none;
}

.research-areas .project-link:hover {
    text-decoration: underline;
}

/* Mobile */

@media (max-width: 600px) {
    .research-areas .research-icon {
        width: 68px;
        height: 68px;
        margin-bottom: 18px;
    }

    .research-areas .research-icon i {
        font-size: 30px;
    }
}

/* Reduced Motion */

@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
    .research-areas .project-box {
        transition: none;
    }
}


.research-areas .research-icon svg {
    display: block;
    width: 40px;
    height: 40px;
    color: #37677a;
    flex-shrink: 0;
}


/* Analog Computing Icon Fix */

.research-areas .research-icon svg {
    display: block !important;
    width: 42px !important;
    height: 42px !important;
    visibility: visible !important;
    opacity: 1 !important;
    flex-shrink: 0;
}