Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 77, no. 6, p. 99-108 (1966)

MEMORIAL TO WALTER HERMAN BUCHER

(1888-1965)

John T. Rouse

Mobil Oil Corporation, Houston, Texas

Charles H. Behre, Jr.

Behre, Dolbear & Co., Inc., New York, N. Y.

The writers gratefully acknowledge the help of J. Eric Bucher and John E. Lucke in preparing this memorial.

Walter H. Bucher, Newberry Professor Emeritus of Geology at Columbia University, and Research Consultant for the Humble Oil and Refining Company, died of heart failure on February 17, 1965, in Houston, Texas. In his death, the earth sciences lost a many-sided, stimulating scholar; and his many acquaintances, colleagues, and students were deeply saddened to hear of the passing of this warm-hearted, sensitive, and energetic friend, associate, and teacher. Bucher was born in Akron, Ohio, on March 12, 1888, the older of two children of the Reverend August J. Bucher and Maria Gebhardt. His parents were deeply religious, and well schooled in music, his mother being a singer with a lovely voice. Both surrounded him with books, and thus the cultural tradition was fostered to an unusual degree. His father, a Methodist minister from Zurich, Switzerland, had come to the United States while only 19 years of age, became naturalized in 1882, and served first as a circuit-riding minister and later as pastor in Akron and subsequently in Cincinnati, Ohio. When, in 1895, the Reverend Bucher was sent to Frankfurt-am-Main in Germany to teach in a training school for Methodist ministers, the family moved with him; in 1907 Walter graduated from school in Frankfurt.

Although his parents expected him to enter the ministry, Walter's love for the natural sciences would not be set aside, and he enrolled at the University of Heidelberg in 1907, planning to specialize in zoology. The strong attraction to this field can be traced to his boyhood interest in conchology, which was stimulated by a then well known zoologist, Professor Oscar Boettger, a resident of Frankfurt. As his studies progressed, his interest in fossils as related to living forms caused him to change his major from zoology to geology and paleontology; and he received the Ph.D. degree, summa cum laude, in November, 1911. At Heidelberg, he studied under the noted zoologist, Professor Butschli; but Professor Wilhelm Salomon, a charming, highly intellectual scholar and tectonic geologist, seems to have exercised the greatest influence on the budding scientist. Bucher's curiosity in geotectonics was stimulated further by the writings of Andrée, and his interest in the stratigraphic and sedimentational aspects of geology was initiated by reading the works of A. W. Grabau and Johannes Walther.

Within a month of his receiving the degree, he returned to the United States, where his father had gone the year before. He preceded his trip to the country of his birth by a brief course in English at the Berlitz School in Heidelberg; but so deeply ingrained were his habits of German pronunciation, sentence structure, and gesture, that even his older, though less intimate, friends in this country found references to his birth in Akron almost incredible. He preserved the delightful accent and mannerisms to his death.

When Bucher arrived in Cincinnati in the early winter of 1911, he visited at the University of Cincinnati and attended as many lectures as possible in geology and paleontology in order to acquaint himself with his "new" homeland and to improve his English. There he was drawn upon first as a voluntary assistant, but was made successively an Instructor (1913), Assistant Professor (1915), Associate Professor (1920), and Professor (1924). He became a Research Professor in 1937, but he continued to teach with an enthusiasm that cannot be adequately described by his students. His lectures, oral presentations at scientific meetings, and his writings were most inspiring and greatly appreciated by all and especially by the Departmental Chairman, Nevin M. Fenneman, founder of the Department of Geology. In 1937, upon the retirement of Fenneman, whom he described with affection as his "friend and mentor," Bucher became Chairman of the Department, a position which he gave up in 1940 to become Professor of Geology, specializing in structural geology, at Columbia University. The change was basic, in one sense, for it shifted his teaching duties from classes of moderate size where undergraduates predominated and the subjects dealt with were the history of the earth and its life, to groups of graduate students with which he could explore what had by then become his special field of interest, rock deformation and especially megatectonics. At Columbia he taught chiefly highly advanced students in smaller classes and seminars and, although his influence and inspirations were lessened as to the numbers of students affected, they were certainly intensified in respect to the science. Here, after the retirement of Professor Douglas Johnson, he was appointed Newberry Professor of Geology and served a term (1950-1953) as Departmental Chairman (a rotating office at Columbia). Until his retirement in 1956 he continued to do research and stimulate students with the same ebullient enthusiasm.

Upon his retirement, Bucher accepted the position of part-time consultant with the Humble Oil and Refining Company, where he worked at the Humble Research Laboratory with his former student, Dr. Harold N. Fisk. He continued at this Laboratory, leading, as one of his friends put it, a "double life"—the implication being that he worked twice as hard —he and his charming wife spending half of each year in Houston, and half at Columbia, while maintaining their home in Leonia, New Jersey, within reach of the families of their children.

In 1914, he had married the daughter of a close family friend, Hanny E. Schmid, by whom he is survived. There are four children, all married. One of them, John Eric Bucher, followed his father's professional field; and as a petroleum geologist he and his family have never resided near the family home. The other son, Robert W., and two daughters, Mary Dorothy (Mrs. John Plunkett) and Margaret (Mrs. R. G. Oellers), and their families lived relatively close to their parents. All four of the younger generation as well as the 13 grandchildren were a delight to father and mother, reuniting at their fiftieth wedding anniversary in 1964. One of Bucher's friends has written:

"As a graduate student attempting to gain field experience in 1931 and 1933, I came under the spell of Dr. Bucher, his wife, and their four children. To hear them effortlessly switch from English to French to German and back again was an eye-opening lesson in family fun while learning. He became my ideal as a rare combination of successful father, husband and internationally famous geologist."

Bucher's was a delightful, many-sided personality. Although he was a scientist heavily burdened with creative projects, he found time to play the piano well and enthusiastically, to delve into many kinds of nontechnical literature, to attend and comment on theatrical presentations, concerts, and exhibitions of the arts, and to interest himself greatly in local and world politics as an alert and critical observer. He was strongly religious by upbringing, but very much more concerned with the ethical and, in some measure, aesthetic aspects of religion than with its formalities and creeds. All these subjects he approached with an open mindedness behind which lay an outwardly naive but actually very sophisticated, honest, and shrewd appraisal. While his views were frequently colored by subjectivity, he could lay this last aside in a remarkable manner when challenged, and if the opposite views were presented, he had the capacity, all too rare among enthusiasts and especially among enthusiastic scientists, of listening to his opponent and accepting the amendment with especially good grace and generosity. Thus he attracted to himself and won the affection of colleagues and students to a degree rarely surpassed in academic circles.

As a teacher, Bucher's most unforgettable characteristic was his contagious enthusiasm for any subject in which he or the student expressed interest. This enthusiasm drew students to him like a magnet. He was as warmly interested in young students as in distinguished colleagues. Ideas generated from him like sparks from a grindstone, and he loved to think out loud with statements accentuated by his precise clipped accent and bubbling good humor. He was frequently referred to as a walking encyclopedia, and rarely was he unable to answer students' questions in the classroom or in the field. When he could not identify the wildflower where it grew, he would pluck it, place it behind his ear, and then with the aid of the wildflower book that was always at hand in his camp or cabin, he would identify the species, after returning in the evening. He never gave a dull lecture; he possessed the unusual faculty of making all his lectures sound most exciting whether they were on the anatomy of the brachiopod or the origin of welts and furrows in the earth's orogenic belts. Students often remarked that in his classes one felt as though Doctor Bucher was getting the thought for the first time and that you were experiencing with him a stimulation that comes when new ideas enter the mind. It was a privilege to attend his lectures, and most of his students reminiscing say "Doctor Bucher was the most stimulating teacher I ever had." His teaching was not confined to geology, but the way of a good and useful life was frequently emphasized. Walter frequently related the advice he received from his father when he left to enter Heidelberg, advice that had a profound influence on him throughout life. His father said in substance: "You are grown now. I can no longer guide you nor keep you from smoking or drinking. But promise me one thing. Never, never let any indulgence be your master. When you begin to realize you cannot be without this or that, stop! Stop long enough to make sure you are the master, and not the slave." Many of his students are better individuals today because they heard him repeat that advice and saw him live it.

His field trips were as broad and unusual as the man, for he taught not only geology, but botany and ornithology as well. Students clamored to stand close to him at the outcrop not only to hear his lucid explanations, but also in the hope that he might ask to use their notebook for sketching a cross section, landscape, or even a bird or wildflower. While his handwriting was almost illegible (someone described it as an unsystematic seismogram), his sketches were clear, to the point, and in some instances, almost works of art. Time meant little to Dr. Bucher, and his arrival time was as unpredictable as the geologic section in a wildcat well. Many were the times when students waited half an hour for him to arrive in class; yet more frequently they remained with him when his lectures exceeded the class period by 10, 20, or 30 minutes. He believed that the primary purpose of a professor was to teach students, and this he did superbly. His door was always open, and he devoted a great amount of his time to individual consultation with students. But for this generous help to students, he might have published even more, and the geologic literature would be richer. But he would then have felt poorer because he so dearly loved to help develop good young geologists, and at this he was most successful.

After completing his studies at Heidelberg and settling down as a young teacher at the University of Cincinnati, he began to develop independent approaches to a great variety of geologic subjects. These included the explanation of oolitic textures in sediments, the origin of ripple marks, and the analysis of joint systems, and of the earth's tectonic patterns. During winters at Cincinnati, the family frequently forgot to bring in the milk after delivery on cold days. This resulted in frozen milk and cracked bottles; but, Bucher turned this household tragedy into productive geology, for a study of the fractures in the glass bottles stimulated his interest in rock fractures. On these varied matters he wrote and had published, even in those early years, fundamental papers. For such work the backgrounds had to be mastered, as this research was largely far from his apparent training and from his teaching field. His prime role at Cincinnati was to give courses in historical geology and paleontology, while others gave the lectures in structural geology and phases of sedimentation. Later, in 1933, the Princeton University Press published his stimulating and groundbreaking book, The Deformation of the Earth's Crust. This naturally led to further studies of megatectonics. But with it was coupled active field work, beginning at Serpent Mound, in Adams County, Ohio, the classic outlines of which, with its circular pattern of uplift and related fractures, started his recognition and study of similar structures, such as Jeptha Knob and the Wells Creek Basin in Kentucky and Tennessee, respectively, and established the acceptance among North American geologists of the now well-known "cryptovolcanic structures."

This broad scientific activity on so basic a level was quickly followed by widespread recognition. Bucher was elected President of the Ohio Academy of Sciences in 1935 and to Fellowship in the National Academy of Sciences in 1938. He shortly became Chairman of the Geology and Geography Division of the National Research Council (1940-1943); he was President of the New York Academy of Sciences (1946). He was Vice President (1948) and President (1950-1953) of the American Geophysical Union. In 1953 he was Vice President of Section E of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. In 1954 he was elected Vice President and in 1955 President of The Geological Society of America, of which he had served earlier as Councilor (1935-1937). He was a Fellow of the American Academy, an Honorary Member and foreign correspondent of Société Geologique de France, and an Honorary Member of Société Geologique Belgique and of the Deutsche Geologische Gesellschafft. In 1955 he received the William Bowie Medal of the American Geophysical Union, in 1955 the Leopold von Buch Medal of the Deutsche Geologische Gessellschafft, and in 1960 the Penrose Medal of The Geological Society of America. Honorary doctoral degrees were awarded him in 1947 at Princeton University, in 1957 at Columbia University, in 1962 at Durham University, England, and in 1963 at the University of Cincinnati.

In 1962, in recognition of his profound influence in teaching and achievements in geology, an anonymous donor started the Walter H. Bucher Fund in Geology at the University of Cincinnati. Contributions from friends and former students have greatly increased this fund. The proceeds of the endowment fund are used annually for a freshman scholarship, for financial assistance for both professors and students to attend national meetings, for assistance to students to enroll in summer field courses, and for an award to a faculty member for foreign travel and research. Through this fund, Walter H. Bucher will continue to live in the department where he started his most illustrious and productive career.

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF WALTER HERMAN BUCHER

1911. Ueber Verwitterungserscheinungen im tertiaren Kalk auf dem Felsberge bei Herxheim a. B.: Pfalzische Heimatkunde, Monatschrift, v. 7, no. 11, p. 161-175

1913. Beitrag zur geologischen und palaontoligischen Kenntnis des jungeren Tertiars der Rheinpfalz: Munchen, Geognostische Jahresh., v. 26, p. 1-103

1916. Study of ripple marks (Abstract): Geol. Soc. America Bull., v. 27, p. 109

1917. "Giant ripples" as indicators of paleogeography (Abstract with discussion by A. W. Grabau and G. H. Chadwick): Geol. Soc. America Bull, v. 28, p. 161-162

1917. Large current-ripples as indicators of paleogeography: Natl. Acad. Sci. Proc., v. 3, p. 285-291

1918. Tierriessen der Vorwelt: Haus und Herd, p. 147-150

1918. Ein Papierforbdichter (Translation): Haus und Herd, p. 342-352

1918. Das Antlitz des Mondes: Haus und Herd, p. 584-590

1918. Discussion of Tomlinson, C. W., Present status of the problem of the origin of loess (Abstract): Geol. Soc. America Bull., v. 29, p. 73-74

1918. On oölites and spherulites: Jour. Geology, v. 26, p. 593-609

1918. Inorganic production of oölitic structures (Abstract, with discussions by Woodruff, E. G., Cox, G. H., Crook, A. R., Emerson, E. V.): Geol. Soc. America Bull., v. 29, p. 103-104

1919. On ripples and related sedimentary surface forms and their paleogeographic interpretation: Part I, The origin of ripples and related sedimentary surface forms, p. 149-210; Part II, Fossil ripples and their paleogeographic interpretation, p. 241-269: Am. Jour. Sci., ser. 4, v. 47

1920. The mechanical interpretation of joints: Jour. Geology, v. 28, p. 707-730; v. 29, p. 1- 28; Science, n. s., v. 51, p. 519-520 (Abstract)

1921. Cryptovolcanic structure in Ohio of the type of the Steinheim Basin (Abstract): Geol. Soc. America Bull., v. 32, p. 74-75

1921. Logan's explanation of the origin of Indiana's "Kaolin," Econ. Geology, v. 16, p. 481-492

1921. Probable cause of the localization of the major geosynclines (Abstract): Geol. Soc. America Bull., v. 32, p. 75

1923. Further experiments on the fracturing of hollow brittle spheres and their bearing on major diastrophism (Abstract), with discussion by W. H. Hobbs: Geol. Soc. America Bull., v. 34, p. 81-82

1924. Jeptha Knobs of Shelby County (Abstract): Science, n. s., v. 58, p. 184; Ky. Acad. Sci. Trans., v. 1, p. 140

1924. The pattern of the earth's mobile belts: Jour. Geology, v. 32, p. 265-290

1925. Geology of Jeptha Knob: Ky. Geol. Survey, ser. 6, v. 21, p. 193-237

1925. Ueber kryptovulkanische Erscheinungen in Ohio and Kentucky: Eclogae Geol. Helvetiae, v. 19, no. 1, p. 141-143

1925. Crypto-volcanic structures of Europe and America (Abstract): Geol. Soc. America Bull., v. 36,' p. 149; Pan-Am. Geologist, v. 43, no. 2, p. 148-149

1926. Submarine denudation (Abstract): Geol. Soc. America Bull., v. 37, p. 143; Pan-Am. Geologist, v. 45, no. 1, p. 91

1927. Subcrustal expansion as a possible factor in earth diastrophism (Abstract): Ky, Acad. Sci. Trans., v. 2, p. 130-131

1928. Two test cases of conjugate joint systems (Abstract): Geol. Soc. America Bull., v. 39, p. 204; Pan-Am. Geologist, v. 49, no. 2, p. 155-156

1928. Eolian versus subaqueous cross-bedding (Abstract): Ohio Acad. Sci., Proc., v. 8, pt. 4, p. 180; Ohio Jour. Sci., v. 28, no. 3, p. 158

1928. Review of "Observations on organisms and sedimentation on shallow sea-bottoms," by Rud. Richter: Am. Midland Naturalist, v. 11, no. 5, p.'236-242

1928. Cryptovolcanic regions (Abstract): Washington Acad. Sci., Jour., v. 18, no. 19, p. 521-524

1929. Tetractinellid sponge in the Sunbury shale of Ohio (Abstract): Geol. Soc. America Bull., v. 40, p. 222; Pan-Am. Geologist, v. 51, no. 3, p. 230

1930. Report on the Division of Geology and Geography of the National Research Council: Geol. Soc. America Bull., v. 41, p. 33-40

1930. Review of "Bau und Bewegung der Gebirge in Nordamerika, Scandinavien und Mitteleuropa," by Hans Cloos: Jour. Geol., v. 38, p. 287-288

1931. Is orogenic deformation continuous or discontinuous for the earth as a whole? (Abstract): Ohio Jour. Sci., v. 31, no. 4, p. 282-283

1931. The mobile belts of the earth (Abstract): Washington Acad. Sci., Jour., v. 21, no. 20. p. 489- 491

1932. Review of "Principles of Structural Geology," by C. M. Nevin: Am. Jour. Sci., v. 23, p. 377-379

1932. Review of "Bruch- und Fliess-Formen der technischen Mechanik und ihre Anwendung auf Geologic und Bergbau," Band II. Scher-Form. Band III. Zerreiss-Form, by Erich Seidl: Jour. Geology, v. 40, p. 670-672

1932. Field, R. M. (and others), Yellowstone-Beartooth-Big Horn region: 16th Internal. Geol. Cong. (United States, 1933), Guidebook 24, Excursion C-2, 64 p. W. H. Bucher was probably responsible for the following pages: 3-4, 28-38, and 47-54.

1932. "Strath" as a geomorphic term: Science, n. s., v. 75, p. 130-131

1932. Wells Creek Basin, Tennessee, a typical Cryptovolcanic structure (Abstract): Geol. Soc. America Bull., v. 43, p. 147-148; Pan-Am. Geologist, v. 57, no. 1, p. 71

1932. Problems of island arcs and ocean deeps: Am. Geophys. Union. Trans., 13th Ann. Meeting, p. 12-19, National Research Council, June, 1932

1933. Catalogue of small-scale geologic maps useful for broader regional studies (with chief emphasis on modern maps), Primary Edition, 132 p., Washington: National Research Council (1933)

1933. Ueber eine typische kryptovulkanische Storung im siidlichen Ohio: Geol. Rundschau, Band 23a (Salomon-Calvi Festschrift), p. 65-80

1933. The deformation of the earth's crust: Princeton Univ. Press, 518 p.; Reissued with new Foreword in 1957, by Hafner Publishing Co., New York

1933. (and Chamberlin, R. T., and Thorn, W. T., Jr.) Results of structural research work in Beartooth- Big Horn region, Montana and Wyoming: Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists. Bull., v. 17, p. 680-693; Abstract, Geol. Soc. America Bull., v. 44, p. 75-77; Pan-Am. Geologist, v. 59, no. 3, p. 233-234

1933. Volcanic explosions and overthrusts: Am. Geophys. Union. Trans. 14th Ann. Meeting, p. 238-242, National Research Council (1933)

1934. Review of "Historical Geology," by Raymond C. Moore: Science, n. s., no. 2085, p. 563

1934. Review of "Die Orogentheorie," by L. Kober: Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., v. 18, p. 824-828

1934. (and Thom, W. T., Jr., and Chamberlin, R. T.) Geologic problems of the Beartooth-Big Horn region: Geol. Soc. America Bull., v. 45, p. 167-188

1934. Problem of the Heart Mountain thrust (Abstract): Geol. Soc. America Proc. for 1933, p. 57

1935. A crypto-volcano structure in southern Ohio: Compass, v. 15, no. 3, p. 157-162

1935. Age of the schists of the South Valley Hills, Pennsylvania: Comment: Geol. Soc. America Bull, v. 46, p. 2029-2030

1936. Cryptovolcanic structures in the United States [with discussion]: 16th Internal. Geol. Cong. (United States, 1933) Rept., v. 2, p. 1055-1084; Abstract; Pan-Am. Geologist, v. 62, no. 2, p. 159-160 (1934)

1936. Remarkable local folding, possibly due to gravity, bearing on the Heart Mountain thrust problem (Abstract): Geol. Soc. America Proc. for 1935, p. 69

1936. The concept of natural law in geology: Science, n. s., v. 84, no. 2188, p. 491-498; Ohio Jour. Sci., v. 36, no. 4, p. 183-194

1938. (and Andrée, K., Brouwer, H. A.) Regionale Geologic der Erde: Leipzig, Akademische Verlagsgeseltschaft

1938. A shell-boring gastropod in a Dalmanella bed of upper Cincinnatian age: Am. Jour. Sci., 5th ser., v. 36, p. 1-7

1938. Key to papers published by an institute for the study of modern sediments in shallow seas: Jour. Geology, v. 46, p. 726-755

1938. (and Lovering, T. S., and others) Report of the Interdivisional committee on borderland fields between geology, physics, and chemistry, 1937, 73 p., National Research Council, Div. Geology and Geography

1939. Deformation of the earth's crust: Geol. Soc. America Bull., v. 50, p. 421-431

1939. (and Caster, K. E. and Jones, S.) Elementary description of Cincinnatian fossils and strata and plates of commoner fossils in the vicinity of Cincinnati, Ohio: Cincinnati, Ohio, Univ. Cincinnati, 13 p., 10 pl.

1939. Origin of the submarine mature topography on the continental slope of eastern North America (Abstract): Geol. Soc. America Bull., v. 50, p. 1902

1939. Versuch einer Analyse der grossen Bewegungen der Erdkruste: Geol. Rundschau, Band 30, H. 3-4, p. 285-296

1940. Submarine valleys and related geologic problems of the North Atlantic: Geol. Soc. America Bull, v. 51, p. 489-511

1940. The geology of the Cody region: N. Y. Acad. Sci. Trans., ser. 2, v. 2, no. 7, p. 165-168

1940. The mountain-building cycle in Symposium on tectonophysics of the crust: Am. Geophys. Union Trans., 21st Ann. Meeting, pt. 2, p. 163-166, discussion, p. 172-176, July, 1940

1940. Origin of the submarine valleys on the continental slopes of the North Atlantic: Nature, v. 146, no. 3699, p. 407-408; Abstract, Science, v. 91, no. 2368, p. 480-481

1941. The nature of geological inquiry and the training required for it: Am. Inst. Mining and Engineering, Tech. Pub. 1377, 6 p.

1941. Bibliography of military geology and geography, prepared under the direction of W. H. Bucher, Chairman, Division of Geology and Geography, National Research Council: Geol. Soc. America, 18 p.

1941. Method proposed to introduce the concept of "limits of error" into the stratigraphic timing of tectonic movements (Abstract): Geol. Soc. America Bull., v. 52, p. 1891

1941. National Research Council, Annual Meeting of the Division of Geology and Geography, May 3, 1941; Topics for discussion at meeting and later, suggested by W. H. Bucher, Chairman, 4 p. (mimeographed)

1942. The importance of the Ross shelf-ice to structural geology: Am. Geophys. Union Trans. 1942, pt. 2, p. 697-699,

1942. National Research Council National Research Council and co-operation in geological research: Geol. Soc. America Bull., v. 53, p. 1331-1353; Abstract, v. 52, p. 1891

1942. Mechanics of crustal deformation, reproduced from 1941-1942 Digest, v. 10, published by the Tulsa Geological Society: Tulsa Geol. Soc. Digest, v. X, p. 50-61

1943. Book review, "Structural Geology," by Marland P. Billings: Science, October 8, 1943, p. 325-327

1943. Dip and strike from three not parallel drill cores lacking key beds (stereographic method): Econ. Geology, v. 38, p. 648-657

1944 (1943-1949). Correlation of gravity observations with the geology of the Smoothingiron granite mass, Llano County, Texas: Discussion: Geophysics, v. 9, no. 1, p. 79-93, illus. incl, index, geol. maps with; Geophysics Case Histories, v. 1, 1948, p. 415-428, illus. incl., geol, map, 1949, Abstract with title, The gravitational anomaly of the Smoothingiron granite mass: Geophysics, vol. 8, no. 3 (July, 1943), p. 325.

1944. The stereographic projection, a handy tool for the practical geologist: Jour. Geology, v. 52, p. 191-212 (with appendix by D. J. Fisher)

1945. (and Caster, K. E., and Jones, S. M.) Elementary guide to the fossils and strata in the vicinity of Cincinnati [Ohio]: Cincinnati, Ohio, Cincinnati Mus. Nat. History, 31 p., illus.

1946. Memorial to Nevin Melancthon Fenneman (1865-1945): Geol. Soc. America Proc. for 1945, p. 215-228

1946. Structure and orogenic history of Venezuela (Abstract): Geol. Soc. America Bull., v. 57, p. 1181-1182

1947. Biographical memoir of Douglas Wilson Johnson, 1878-1944; Natl. Acad. Sci., Biog. Mem., v. 24, no. 5, p. 197-230

1947. Heart Mountain problem in Wyoming Geological Association Guidebook [2d annual] Field Conf., Bighorn Basin, August, 1947, p. 189-197, illus. inc. geol. sketch map

1947. Fracture patterns in rocks (Abstract): Geol. Soc. America Bull., v. 58, p. 1169

1947. Problems of earth deformation illustrated by the Caribbean Sea Basin: N. Y. Acad. Sci. Trans., ser. 2, vol. 9, no. 3, p. 98-116, illus., January, 1947.

1948. Discussion, p. 125-126 in Gilluly, James, Chairman, Origin of Granite: Geol. Soc. America Memoir 28, 139 p.

1948. Fault patterns and fault movements (Abstract): Geol. Soc. America Bull., v. 59, p. 1313- 1314

1949. Recent results of suboceanic geology and major earth problems (Abstract): Geol. Soc. America Bull., v. 60, p. 1876

1949. Tectonica de Venezuela: Asoc. Venezolana Geol., Min. y Petrol., B. t. 1, no. 1. A summary compiled by K. F. Dallmus, of Bucher's conclusions concerning the tectonics of Venezuela; distinguishes and briefly characterizes the nine tectonic units of Venezuela.

1950. Geologic-tectonic map of the United States of Venezuela (except the Territory of Amazonas and part of the State of Bolivar): Geol. Soc. America

1950, 1953, 1957. The crust of the earth: Sci. Am., v. 182, no. 5, p. 32-41, reprinted in Precambrian, v. 26, no. 3, p. 28-37; The planet earth, in Sci. Am., p. 58-80 (1957)

1950. Megatectonics and geophysics: Am. Geophys. Union Trans., v. 31, no. 4, p. 495-507

1951. Infolded mid-Ordovician limestone on Precambrian north of Peekskill, New York, and its bearing on the region's orogeny (Abstract): Geol. Soc. America Bull., v. 62, p. 1426-1427

1951. Preservation of the texture of echinoderm plates in metamorphosed rocks (Abstract): Geol. Soc. America Bull., v. 62, p. 1548

1951. Fundamental properties of orogenic belts in Gutenberg, Beno, Chairman, Colloquium on plastic flow and deformation within the earth: Am. Geophys. Union Trans., v. 32, no. 4, p. 514-517

1951. International Geodetic and Geophysical Union, Assembly, 9th, Brussels, 1951, Delegation from U. S. Report to Division of International Conferences, Department of State, by W. H. Bucher, Chief Delegate, U. S. Delegation, 37 p.

1952. Geologic structure and orogenic history of Venezuela; text to accompany the author's geologic tectonic map of Venezuela: Geol. Soc. America Memoir 49, 133 p.

1952. "Geology": Encyclopedia Americana

1952. Continental drift versus land bridges, p. 79-258 in Mayr, Ernst, Editor, The problem of land connections across the South Atlantic, with special reference to the Mesozoic: Am. Mus. Nat. History, 8, v. 99, art. 3

1953. Fossils in metamorphic rocks: A review: Geol. Soc. America Bull., v. 64, p. 275-300; Discussion by A. J. Boucot and Reply by author, p. 997-999

1953. (and Gilkey, A. K.,) Fracture pattern and uranium ore of the Zuni Uplift, New Mexico (Abstract): Econ. Geology, v. 48, p. 617-618; Geol. Soc. America Bull., v. 64, p. 1402

1953. Annual report for June 15, 1952, to April 1, 1953, Pt. 1, Fracture studies in the Zuni and Lucaro uplifts, New Mexico: U. S. Atomic Energy Comm. Rept. RME 3042, 12 p. June, 1953; Report prepared for the U. S. Atomic Energy Commission by Columbia University.

1954. Symposium on the interior of the earth, Opening remarks (p. 48): Am. Geophys. Union Trans., v. 35, no. 1, p. 48-49; with discussions, 1954. Contains papers by S. K. Runcorn, A. F. Birch, and J. Verhoogen, which are cited individually.

1955. Deformation in orogenic belts in Poldervaart, Arie. (editor), Crust of the Earth (a symposium): Geol. Soc. Amer., Special Paper 62, p. 343-368, 762 p.

1956. Modellversuche und Gedanker uber das Wesen der Orogenese in Geotekton Symposium Ehren H. Stille, p. 396-410, 1956. (herausgegeben von Franz Lotze; Kommissions-Verlag von Ferdinand Enke Stuttgart)

1956. Orogenic deformation as a symptom of subcrustal changes (summary): Jour. Geophys. Research, v. 61, no. 2, pt. 2, p. 374-377

1956. Role of gravity in orogenesis: Geol. Soc. America, Bull., v. 67, p. 1295-1318. Address as Retiring President of G. S. A.

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